Semiotics

1. Who are the two linguistic philosophers that semiotics is developed from?

Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Pierce

     2. Which French ‘Structuralist’ recently developed this media concept?

          Roland Barthes

    3. The two methods:

a. Describing the TEXT is called denotations

b. Myths and associations with the TEXT is called connotations

   4. What quest is at the heart of the semiotic approach?

       Semiotics is frequently seen as having important anthropological and sociological                                                            

       dimensions

 

  5. Identify the factor that is given for readings of a media texts that determines the

      variety of meanings it can give? It can depend on the genre

      

  6. What word is given for OPEN TEXTS? Polysemic

  7.  Popular and mass culture e.g. mass media texts are known as CLOSED texts.

  8. Anchorage where words, captions or logos are used to direct a reader towards a    

      particular meaning.

  9. Preferred meaning is when a text prefers one particular meaning.  These can be a result of

      media producers agendas and assumptions.

 10. Define Stuart Hall’s THREE main types of audience decoding:
           a. DOMINANT:  the reader fully accepts the preferred reading so that the code                  

               seems natural and transparent.

          b. NEGOTIATED: the reader partly believes the code and broadly accepts the  

              preferred reading, but sometimes modifies it in a way which reflects their own    

              position, experiences and interests.  

         c. OPPOSITIONAL: The readers social position places them in an oppositional   

             relation to the dominant code. They reject the reading.

11. How media texts speak to an audience is known as direct address.

12. Define what the MALE GAZE is:

      The male gaze is the way heterosexual men tend to objectify and sexualise women.

13. What is semiotics?

     Semiotics is the study of signs and their meaning in society. A sign is something   

     which can stand for something else.

1. How could you apply this to a MUSIC VIDEO?

We can see different meanings in society and we can understand what these meaning stand for.

29.2 Styles, Conventions and Techniques of Music Videos

https://1drv.ms/p/s!AtZTD_HEBW1rhi-44Jb4B2SV9hIJ


Slide 1: Different techniques are used during the making of live/ in concert music videos. In the video ‘Dangerous’ by The XX the techniques used are camera movements and angles. These techniques used in all live footage music videos. In the video we can see that different camera angles are used, for example, there is a close up of all the band members and a long shot of the band performing together.  

·       Live/ In concert: When musicians use live footage of them performing for them music videos instead of producing a music video to go with their song.

Slide 2: Narrative/ Animation/ Surrealist: Delta Heavy are a band that have produced different styles of music videos. In their music video ‘Get By’ they have produced a stop-motion animation music video. However, Delta Heavy have also produced different types of animation music videos such as ‘White Flag which is a narrative music video set in a surrealist dream land. Although Delta Heavy produce different types of animation music videos they all have one thing in common; they are all interpretive music videos. This means that the audience has to think about the wider meaning of the lyrics in relation to the music video.

·       Narrative: refers to the way a story is told. In this case we are talking about how a music video communicates a story to its audience.

·       Surrealist: an art movement which aims to break down the boundaries between fantasy, dreams and reality. In music videos, this means using bizarre and jarring imagery, creating a dream-like quality which would be memorable to the audience.

·       Animation: As a medium which has classically been used to experiment with story-telling techniques, music videos will often use animation.

Slide 4: Ja Rule’s ‘Mesmerize’ music video is based off well known 1978 film Grease. A convention used in the making of referencing/ homage videos is allusion. This enables the audience to automatically understand what the music video is based on. Moreover, song from popular music genres use a variety of techniques in the making of the music video. A few used in Mesmerize are: miming and lip syncing, camera movements and camera angles.

·       Homage: videos pay respect to other media sectors. This specific music video pays homage to the film Grease.  

·       Allusion: When a reference to a person, existing text, place or event is made within a music video

Slide 5: The influence of commercials has a big impact on most music videos. A key example of the influence of commercials is Lady Gaga’s ‘Telephone’ that was produced in 2010. The music video consists of multiple brands being shown throughout the entirety of the music video. Additionally, the music video also uses allusion as the car seen in the video is from the film ‘Kill Bill’. When displaying a brand on camera, the audience is always shown a close up of the product; this can be done for allusion or parody purposes.

·       Influence of commercials: the style or narrative of some music video are influenced by the world of advertising & commercialism.

Bibliography:

Get By: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cOt9UcYGOU

Dangerous: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6_ibA9_kJU

Mesmerize: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcP96KbFIIU

Telephone: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVBsypHzF3U

Colour scheme: blue, black & white

Main body text: Arial

Titles/ Keywords: Arial Black

Shapes: squares/ rectangles

Transitions: morph